(5 min) The marketing for Core Web Vitals (CWV) has been a massive success. I guess that’s what happens when the world’s dominant search engine tells people that something’s going to be an SEO factor. Ya know what language can play a … The post CSS for Web Vitals appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) This is new stuff from DO. App Platform is a hosting product, no surprise there, but it has some features that are Jamstack-inspired in the best possible way, and an additional set of unique and powerful features. Let’s start with … The post App Platform on Digital Ocean appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) If you’re anything like me, you like being lazy shortcuts. The “Deploy to Netlify” button allows me to take this lovely feature of my personality and be productive with it. Clicking the button above lets me (or you!) instantly … The post Hack the “Deploy to Netlify” Button Using Environment Variables to Make a Customizable Site Generator appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(10 min) In this article, I'm going to show you how to theme your website so users can customize certain elements to their tastes. We'll talk about website themes, how theming works, and we'll end with a demo so you can see it in action. Let's dive in. Table of Contents:What

(6 min) Listing items on a web page is a common task you'll have to do as a web developer. You may have to list shopping cart items, the order of students based on their grades, dogs with the loudest bark – and so on. So you need to know the different ways

(264 min) The backend of a website can be written in many different programming languages. It is becoming increasingly common for to use Python for the backend of a website. We just published a full backend web development with Python course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. This comprehensive course is for

(3 min) Hello freeCodeCamp community! I'm Dilan, a PhD candidate in sociology at Boston University. I'm an absolute coding newbie, but I do know a bit about surveys. 😃 I have been working with freeCodeCamp founder Quincy Larson over the past few months to design the 2021 New Coder Survey. And I'm thrilled

(16 min) When writing front-end tests, you’ll find a lot of pitfalls along the way. In sum, they can lead to lousy maintainability, slow execution time, and — in the worst case — tests you cannot trust. But it doesn’t have to be that way. In this article, I will talk about common mistakes developers make, at least in my experience, and, of course, how to avoid them. Testing doesn’t need to be painful, after all.

(2 min) I got this exact question in an email the other day, and I thought it would make a nice blog post because of how wonderfully satisfying this is to do in CSS these days. Plus we can sprinkle in polish … The post How do you make a layout with pictures down one side of a page matched up with paragraphs on the other side? appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(15 min) The click event is quite simple and easy to use; you listen for the event and run code when the event is fired. It works on just about every HTML element there is, a core feature of the DOM API.… The post When a Click is Not Just a Click appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) I was working on a bug ticket the other day where it was reported that an icon was sitting low in a button. Just not aligned like it should be. I had to go on a little journey to figure … The post Fixing a Bug in Low-Resolution Mode appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) Today we're gonna learn how to use CSS's box-shadow property to make beautiful website components. Along the way, we'll create a button and get hands-on experience using this property. Let's get started. 🎖️ Table of Contents Why you should use the CSS box-shadow propertyThe syntax of the box-shadow propertyHow to make

(41 min) This tutorial is an overview of basic concepts of the C programming language. It goes over the history of the language, why and where it is used, the compilation process, and some very basic programming concepts that are common in most popular programming languages. It is not a complete guide

(18 min) React Router is commonly used to make different routes for pages in React Applications. We just released a crash course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you how to create routes in your React applications. Piyush Agarwal developed this course. Piyush is a prolific course creator on

(16 min) The web is single-threaded. This makes it increasingly hard to write smooth and responsive apps. Workers have a bad rep, but can be an important and useful tool in any web developer's toolbelt for these kinds of problems. Let’s get up to speed on Workers on the Web!

(12 min) Let’s welcome July with some fresh desktop wallpapers. Designed by artists and designers from around the world, they are available with and without a calendar. Enjoy!

(2 min) I use this line, or one like it, in a lot of quick demos. Not that it’s not a production-worthy line of code—I just tend to be a bit more explicit on bigger projects. html { font: 110%/1.4 system-ui; } … The post What does `font: 110%/1.4 system-ui` mean? appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(11 min) Delan Azabani digs into the (hopefully) coming soon ::spelling-error and ::grammar-error pseudo selectors in CSS. Design control is always nice. Hey, if we can style scrollbars and style selected text, why not this? The squiggly lines that indicate possible spelling or grammar errors … The post Chromium spelling and grammar features appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) I needed to select some elements between two fixed indexes the other day — like literally the second through fifth elements. Ironically, I have a whole post on “Useful :nth-child Recipes” but this wasn’t one of them. The answer, it … The post :nth-child Between Two Fixed Indexes appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) Whether you are new to coding interviews or are already familiar with the concept of backtracking, this is the crash course for you. We will learn about an all-purpose coding template and apply it to two LeetCode hard problems. Ready to crunch your next coding interview? Let's go!

(4 min) Every day, developers use various applications and run commands in the terminal. These applications can include a browser, code editor, terminal, video conferencing app, or music player. For each of these software applications that you open or commands you run, it creates a process or task. One beautiful feature of

(3 min) Why do we need the timedelta object?When you're working with dates and times in Python, you'll often use the datetime module. In this post, we'll see how we can use the timedelta object in the datetime module. It denotes a span of time and can help when we need

(2 min) What is the Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals?The Microsoft Security, Compliance and Identity Fundamentals Certification is an essential entry-level certification into Azure and Microsoft Security. In recent years we've seen a significant shift in the work environment where companies allow employees to work from home. The increase of

(8 min) Static Generation is great for performance, but not until the app gets too big and build-times go through the roof. Today, we’ll have a look at how Netlify’s fresh On-Demand Builders can fix that.

(22 min) In this episode, we’re talking about Chakra UI. What is it and how can it help with your React projects? Drew McLellan talks to expert Mike Cavaliere to find out.

(3 min) I think we’re all largely aware of named colors in CSS: color: OldLace; background: rebeccapurple; I guess you’d just call those “named colors” in CSS. Those aren’t the only kind of named colors there are though. Some of them … The post System *Things appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) Sara digs into a bug I happened to have mentioned back in 2012 where fluid type didn’t resize when the browser window resized. Back then, it affected Chrome 20 and Safari 6, but the bug still persists today in Safari … The post Working around the viewport-based fluid typography bug in Safari appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(8 min) Not news to any web developer in 2021: CSS Grid is an incredibly powerful tool for creating complex, distinct two-dimensional modern web layouts. Recently, I have been experimenting with CSS Grid and alignment properties to create component layouts that … The post Positioning Overlay Content with CSS Grid appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) To make some terminology clear here: CMS = Content Management System CRM = Customer Relationship Management Both are essentially database-backed systems for managing data. HubSpot is both, and much more. Where a CMS might be very focused on content and … The post Scaling Organizations Should Consider Building a Website Backed by a CRM Platform appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(12 min) In this article, you will learn how to securely access secret API keys using Netlify functions in a React app. Netlify provides rich features that help you easily deploy Single Page Applications built using frameworks like React, Vue and Angular among others. This takes away the burden of coding and

(9 min) If you're working with Natural Language Processing, knowing how to deploy a model is one of the most important skills you'll need to have. Model deployment is the process of integrating your model into an existing production environment. The model will receive input and predict an output for decision-making for

(8 min) Every developer needs a good development enviroment, whether you're into mobile development or web apps or even if you're just learning your first programming language. Just like any beginning developer, when I began to learn coding I needed some guidance on how to get started. And one of the most

(2 min) In JavaScript, people often confuse closures with lexical scope. Lexical scope is an important part of closures, but it is not a closure by itself. Closures are an advanced concept that is also a frequent topic of technical interviews. You should have a foundational understanding of functions before attempting to

(224 min) A design system is a set of standards, reusable components, and patterns used to create visual consistency throughout different projects and pages. Figma is a vector graphics editor and prototyping tool. We just released a course on the freeCodeCamp.org channel that will teach you how to build a design

(3 min) Ok. I'm not suggesting that everyone needs to become a fully-credentialed data scientist. But these days, learning core data skills may provide as much value as basic financial literacy or knowledge of a simple coding language. This isn't just about your career: data has grown far beyond the world of

(8 min) In this article, Manuel explains why Emmet is one of his favorite productivity tools for writing HTML and CSS, and how you can create custom Emmet snippets in Visual Studio Code to help you improve your front-end workflows even more.

(2 min) I am part of that 82% that got the answer to Lea Verou's quiz wrong. Stephen Shaw posted a similar quiz as well and it's a fun exercise sharpen your CSS chops. The post Custom Property Brain Twisters appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) I recently had to create a widget in React that fetches data from multiple API endpoints. As the user clicks around, new data is fetched and marshalled into the UI. But it caused some problems. One problem quickly became evident: … The post How to Cancel Pending API Requests to Show Correct Data appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(18 min) This article explains how we can connect different types of content in a Next.js application. With this technique, we can add any kind of one-to-one, one-to-many, or even many-to-many relationship to our projects.

(12 min) This article is a case study of how a UX audit affects a UI. It explains how a famous educational platform can be analyzed edX against Jakob Nielsen’s usability guidelines. To get started, Mark Lankmiller shares all of the criteria and metrics he used for his UX audit.

(21 min) In April of 2009, Yahoo! shut down GeoCities. Practically overnight, the once beloved service had its signup page replaced with a vague message announcing its closure. We have decided to discontinue the process of allowing new customers to sign up … The post Chapter 9: Community appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) Let's go over the most common mistakes you might be making in your React code right now, plus how to fix them. If you want to create amazing React applications, it's essential to avoid many common errors along the way. In this article, we'll not only cover how to fix

(33 min) If you want good performance in your application, you need to collect data to figure out where to make improvements. That's where OpenTelemetry comes in. OpenTelemetry offers a single set of APIs and libraries that standardize how you collect and transfer telemetry data. OpenTelemetry provides a specification for instrumentation so

(28 min) Data Analysis is the process of exploring, investigating, and gathering insights from data using statistical measures and visualizations. The objective of data analysis is to develop an understanding of data by uncovering trends, relationships, and patterns. Data analysis is both a science and an art. On the one hand it

(14 min) In the dynamic and unpredictable environments in which we work, even the most carefully crafted solutions can have a short shelf life. When we accept that our work is impermanent and our problem-solving abilities are limited, our goal can shift from delivering full solutions to developing tools that empower our users to adaptively design for themselves.

(4 min) When I blogged “Making Tables With Sticky Header and Footers Got a Bit Easier” recently, I mentioned that the “stickiness” improvement was just one of the features that got better for s in Chrome as part of the TablesNG upgrade… The post TablesNG — Improvements to table rendering in Chromium appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(4 min) The CSS image-set() function has been supported in Chromium-based browsers since 2012 and in Safari since version 6. Support recently landed in Firefox 88. Let’s dive in and see what we can and can’t do today with image-set().… The post Using Performant Next-Gen Images in CSS with image-set appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) PPK looks at aspect-ratio, a CSS property for layout that, for the most part, does exactly what you would think it does. It’s getting more interesting as it’s behind a flag in Firefox and Safari now, so we’ll have … The post “Weak declaration” appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(10 min) Over the last few years, microservices have gone from an overhyped buzzword to something you should understand as a software engineer. According to an O'Reilly developer survey in 2020: 61% of companies have been using microservices in the last year29% say at least half of their company systems are built

(201 min) .NET is a popular software framework developed by Microsoft. We just released a course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you how to create a REST API end-to-end from scratch using the latest .NET 5 innovations and Visual Studio Code. The course uses the C# programming language.

(8 min) In this article you will learn how to create a great technical video course. I run the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel where we post technical courses from a variety of contributors. Video courses that follow the guidelines in this article are often a good fit for freeCodeCamp's channel. How to

(3 min) Frontend and design are remarkably complex these days. That’s why we invite kind, smart folks from the community to run [online workshops](https://smashingconf.com/online-workshops/) for all of us to learn together. And we have new ones coming up, and we’d like to kindly welcome you to join in.

(5 min) Automated testing is an important part of any software project, including testing for accessibility. There are already tools for linting and integration testing accessibility, but what about end-to-end testing with real assistive technology? Since I hadn’t seen this before, I set out to build Auto VO, a driver for the VoiceOver screen reader.

(2 min) There are four keywords that are valid values for any CSS property (see the title). Of those, day to day, I’d say I see the inherit used the most. Perhaps because it’s been around the longest (I think?) but also … The post inherit, initial, unset, revert appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(10 min) Svelte fully supports custom elements (e.g. ) without any custom configuration or wrapper components and has a perfect score on Custom Elements Everywhere. However, there are still a few quirks you need to watch out for, especially around … The post Using Custom Elements in Svelte appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) I’m not here to raise a shield protecting CSS utility frameworks. I don’t even particularly like the approach, myself, and nothing is above fair criticism. But fair is a key word there. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve … The post If we’re gonna criticize utility-class frameworks, let’s be fair about it appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(9 min) Web scraping lets you collect data from web pages across the internet. It's also called web crawling or web data extraction. PHP is a widely used back-end scripting language for creating dynamic websites and web applications. And you can implement a web scraper using plain PHP code. But since we

(5 min) There’s a special syntax you can use in JavaScript that makes working with promises easier. It's called “async/await", and it’s surprisingly straightforward to understand and use. In this article, we'll discuss: What are asynchronus functions? How promises work in JavaScript Async/Await basics How to use

(25 min) The 100 Days of Code challenge is very popular among new coders and developers looking to level up their skills. It's so popular that our Discord server has an entire channel dedicated to it. By popular demand, we recently built a Discord bot that helps people track their progress in

(5 min) Do you have a story idea that you'd like to turn into a novel? How about adding visual appeal and interactivity to that novel? A Visual Novel might be the game genre you are looking for. And this tutorial is here to help set you up in 10 minutes, with

(10 min) After years of innovation in both tools and processes, the struggle between design and development is still real. This article focuses on the best practices for improving the design to development processes and how cutting-edge solutions, such as UXPin powered by Merge technology, can help in facilitating the change.

(8 min) Una is calling it the new responsive. A nod to the era we were most certainly in, the era of responsive design. Where responsive design was fluid grids, flexible media, and media queries, the new responsive is those things … The post Are we in a new era of web design? What do we call it? appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) Let’s forego the usual circles and bars we typically see used in charts for more eccentric shapes. With online presentations more and more common today, a quick way to spruce up your web slides and make them stand out is … The post How to Create CSS Charts With Interesting Shapes, Glyphs and Emoji appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(6 min) I've been using Vim since the first year I started coding. For all the IDEs/editors that I have used, the Vim plugin is always the very first plugin that I install. I know that Vim can be challenging to work in for people who are not familiar with it.

(4 min) When you're working with Python lists, you often need to combine data from multiple lists. So how do you do that? In this tutorial, we'll see the different ways you can combine data from multiple lists. We'll also learn how the list methods append() and extend() work through simple examples.

(6 min) Redux is a state management library for front end applications. Developers commonly use it with React through the react-redux package, but it can also stand alone – so you can use it in any front end framework or library, including Vanilla JavaScript. Redux can really be intimidating at first. It might

(12 min) Today you're going to create one of the most important apps you can build for yourself: your developer portfolio. Every React developer or web developer in general needs to be able to show off what they can do to any potential client or employer. That's exactly what we're going to

(4 min) Figma is a powerful design tool that helps you to create anything: websites, applications, logos, and much more. By learning to use Figma, you'll take your first steps into User Interface Design and and User Experience Design. These skills are essential for building a great portfolio for yourself and potentially

(12 min) But where do you store your application's content? Storing the content on the blockchain would be expensive and inefficient. Your blockchain application needs decentralized storage!

(4 min) Today we're gonna learn everything you need to know about the CSS position property along with examples. Let's get started 🎖️ Table of contents What is CSS Position Property?What is the Static Position in CSS?What are the Relative and Absolute Positions in CSS?What is the Fixed Position in

(18 min) Do you have to process data manually because it is served through images or scanned documents? An image-to-text conversion makes it possible to extract text from images to automate the processing of texts on images, videos, and scanned documents. In this article, we look at how to convert an image to text with React and Tesseract.js(OCR), preprocess images, and deal with the limitations of Tesseract (OCR).

(3 min) The outline property in CSS draws a line around the outside of an element. This is quite similar to the border property, the main exception being that outline isn’t a part of the box model. It is often used for … The post Using the `outline` Property as a Collapsable Border appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) I studied the fonts of the top 1000 websites. Here’s what I learned. — Michael Li brings the data. San-serif has total dominance. “[…] it is rare to go below 10px or above 24px.” And poor always being the … The post Links on Typography appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) What is TCP?TCP is an acronym for Transmission Control Protocol. It is a transport layer protocol that allows packets to be sent from one location to another. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol, which means it establishes the connection before any communication between the network’s computer units. Because we

(3 min) Today, you don’t need to go to a university or a college to pursue a career in machine learning or any data-driven domain. But you do need a plan and a roadmap to guide your studies. Once you have charted your own learning roadmap with a goal in mind,

(46 min) Every programming language uses sorting algorithms. While programming languages have easy-to-use sorting methods, it can be helpful to understand how they work. We just released a course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you some of the most popular sorting algorithms! Haris Iftikhar developed this course. Haris

(11 min) Voice assistants are currently the most popular use case for voice user interfaces. However, due to the bad feedback loop resulting from voice assistants can only solve simple user tasks such as setting an alarm or playing music. In order for voice user interfaces to really break through, feedback to the user must be visual, not auditive.

(13 min) Next.js has a file-based routing system in which each page automatically becomes a route based on its file name. This article will guide you through almost everything you need to know about Routing in Next.js and point you in the direction of related topics and concepts.

(5 min) Clipping and masking have been around for a while now in CSS and even have pretty decent browser support. I recently worked on a project that needed to use a clipping technique for tooltips showing above links in text. Those … The post Perfect Tooltips With CSS Clipping and Masking appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(4 min) Images have become extremely important to the effectiveness of websites. They speak a 1000 words, attract attention, and stimulate emotions. However, web performance is also a growing problem for most websites. And images are at the heart of many web … The post Start Serving Optimized Images in Vue appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) What is the Azure AI Fundamentals Certification?The Azure AI Fundamentals Certification is for those seeking a Machine Learning role such as AI Engineer or Data Scientist. In the last decade companies have been collecting vast amount of data surrounding their service and product offerings. The successful companies of the

(7 min) Bookmarklets are browser bookmarks that execute JavaScript instead of opening a webpage. They're also known as bookmark applets, favlets, or JavaScript bookmarks. Bookmarklets are natively available in all major browsers, including Mozilla Firefox and Chromium-based browsers like Chrome or Brave. Scripting with JavaScriptLearning how to write scripts provides many benefits,

(5 min) Image placement on the modern web is highly intentional, helping to communicate the overall purpose of a page or view. This means that nearly every image you declare needs to have an alternate description.

(2 min) If you’re abhorred by using inline styles, just move that style to the class attribute! And then make sure you have CSS in place that, ya know, does what it says on the box. I've revolutionized CSS. pic.twitter.com/1AWCldyCwP — Sam … The post Inline Styles as Classes (lol) appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) Jim Nielsen: If somebody says a comment isn’t adding any value, I would ask: to whom? Personally, I’ve never liked the advice that writing obvious comments is bad practice—probably because I write obvious comments all the time. Jim showed … The post Useful and Useless Code Comments appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(8 min) The Web Animations API lets us construct animations and control their playback with JavaScript. The API opens the browser’s animation engine to developers and was designed to underlie implementations of both CSS animations and transitions, leaving the door open to … The post How I Used the WAAPI to Build an Animation Library appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(6 min) In general, a string represents a sequence of characters in a programming language. Let's look at an example of a string created using a sequence of characters, "Yes, You Can DO It!". In JavaScript, we can create a string in a couple of ways: Using the string literal as a

(8 min) In this article, I'll explain two important concepts in statistics: skewness and kurtosis. And don't worry – you won't need to know very much math to understand these concepts and learn how to apply them. What are Density Curves?Let's first talk a bit about density curves, as skewness and kurtosis

(5 min) Here's a list of amazing tricks that you can use to improve your React applications instantly. These tips will not only make your code cleaner and more reliable, but they also aim to make your development experience easier and overall more enjoyable. Give these techniques a try in your React

(1 min) You can learn the basics of Data Analytics with 30 days of practice. We just released a Data Analytics course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. The course includes a 40-minute video, as well as a website and Jupyter notebooks. If you follow the plan laid out in these course

(14 min) In a new short series of posts, we highlight some of the useful tools and techniques for developers and designers. Recently we’ve covered HTML Emails and SVG Generators. This time we look into different kinds of tools to help you streamline your accessibility testing process. Don’t miss the next one.

(2 min) Usually, when “unused” comes up in conversation regarding CSS, it’s about removing chunks of CSS that are not used in your site or, at least, the styles not currently in use on a specific page. The minimal amount of CSS … The post Detect Unused Classes in… HTML appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(6 min) Max Böck took me up on my challenge to look through a codebase and see how many of the @media queries could ultimately become @container queries. I took the bait and had a look at some of my projects – … The post Media Queries in Times of @container appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(6 min) I wonder where headless WordPress will land. And by “headless” I mean only using the WordPress admin and building out the user-facing site through the WordPress REST API rather than the traditional WordPress theme structure. Is it… big? The future … The post Just How Niche is Headless WordPress? appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) DevOps is becoming an in-demand role at many software companies. We just released a DevOps Engineering course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. Learn all about DevOps in this comprehensive course for beginners with three technical tutorials. Colin Chartier created this course. He is the co-founder and CEO at LayerCI.

(5 min) To understand what this truly means in JavaScript, let's take a look at a very similar concept in the English Language: Polysemy. Let's consider the word "run". Run is a single word which could mean many different things depending on the context. “I will run home” – means to move quickly

(7 min) As a freelance developer, knowing how much to charge for a project can often feel like a gamble. It's easy to wonder "Am I setting my price too high?" This is normally the first question that comes to mind. And your brain will probably meet this question with a resounding

(5 min) Python decorators allow you to change the behavior of a function without modifying the function itself. In this article I will show you how to create and use decorators. You will see how easy it is to use this advanced Python feature. In this article I will discuss the following

(4 min) Any sufficiently old codebase eventually starts to contain legacy code. Architecture, performance, comments, and more begin to degrade the moment after they are written. Some parts of the codebase last longer than other parts, but inevitably new coding standards emerge to reduce technical debt. Then you have to rework a

(6 min) You can now open anything (that you have access to) on GitHub directly from VS Code.

(3 min) What is an Aggregate Function?SQL aggregate functions will seem very familiar if you have worked with spreadsheets. Have you ever used SUM in Google Sheets or Excel? The SUM function exists in SQL as well, and is called an aggregate function. Aggregate functions do a particular task across database

(9 min) You've probably seen the term "full stack developer" before, either on tech-related websites or in job applications you've perused. So have you ever wondered what exactly a full stack developer is and what skills you'd need to become one? Well if you're curious like I was, this article

(8 min) When developing themes and plugins for WordPress, we need to test them in different environments. How can we create multiple testing sites on our computer, quickly and easily, without having to become a sysadmin?

(36 min) In this episode of the Smashing Podcast, we’re talking about image optimization. What steps should we follow for performant images in 2021? We talk to expert Addy Osmani to find out.

(2 min) It wasn’t long ago when I looked at sticky headers and footers in HTML s in the blog post A table with both a sticky header and a sticky first column. In it, I never used position: sticky on … The post Making Tables With Sticky Header and Footers Got a Bit Easier appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) Just a little link roundup of some off-site stuff I’ve done recently. As I’m wont to do from time to time. DevJourney Podcast #151 Chris Coyier from ceramics to CSS-Tricks and CodePen‘ Chris took us from playing on … The post CSS-Tricks Chronicle XXXX appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(11 min) When you load a file from an external server, you’re trusting that the content you request is what you expect it to be. Since you don’t manage the server yourself, you’re relying on the security of yet another third party … The post Securing Your Website With Subresource Integrity appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(9 min) System Design is an important topic to understand if you want to advance further in your career as a software engineer. Even if you are just beginning your coding journey, it's a good idea to get a head start on learning about system design. Early in your career you will

(9 min) We often work with web applications that need to fetch large amounts of data from a server through APIs and render it on the screen. For example, in a Social media application we fetch and render users' posts and comments. In an HR dashboard we display information about candidates who

(4 min) Have you ever used the CSS order or direction properties? You've probably used them dozens of times, but did you realize that these properties will cause a disconnect between what's being displayed and what's actually in the DOM? Using the order property will create a disconnect between the visual presentation

(9 min) A while ago, I was doing side gig for a client who had a website hosted on Squarespace. They asked me to implement an advanced design for a page that wasn't possible with the site's current DIY tools. For an experienced and battle-tested web developer like me, this was a

(5 min) Africa has over 2000 languages, but these languages are not well-represented in the existing Natural Language Processing ecosystem. One challenge is the lack of useful African language datasets that we can use to solve different social and economic problems. In this article, I have compiled a list of African language

(12 min) Spoiler alert: tooltips, modals, tabs, carousels, and dropdown menus are some of the user interface components that require more than CSS. To ensure accessibility of your interface, JavaScript is a necessary addition to accomplish focus management, respond to keyboard events, and toggle ARIA attributes.

(2 min) There’s a 33-minute video (and resources) over on apple.com covering the upcoming Safari changes we saw in the WWDC keynote this year in much more detail. Look who’s got a little cameo in there: Perhaps the most noticeable thing there … The post Safari 15: New UI, Theme Colors, and… a CSS-Tricks Cameo! appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) That’s the one word that isn’t an adjective in the acronym RSS. Really Simple Syndication. RSS isn’t just about RSS readers. Even though, gosh if I don’t love RSS readers. It’s about putting content in a format that is … The post The Possibilities of Syndication appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(8 min) Why would we need to apply shadows to SVG? Shadows are a common design feature that can help elements, like icons, stand out. They could be persistent, or applied in different states (e.g. :hover, :focus, or :active) … The post Adding Shadows to SVG Icons With CSS and SVG Filters appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) One thing that can be just a smidge funky about the element is that, when open, it’s not always 100% clear what is inside that element and what isn’t. I’m not saying that always matters or that it’s a … The post Put a Background on Open Details Elements appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) If you're in the world of tech, you will inevitably run into a work-related disaster now and then. These setbacks come in many forms such as cyber-attacks, theft, leaks, and corruption. And every business must be ready to face these things and plan for them. Sir Benjamin Franklin famously said,

(5 min) Today I'm gonna show you how you can center and align your content with CSS. Along the way, we'll look at various alignment techniques. So, let's get started! 🥇 Table of Contents -> How to Use Flexbox to center anything horizontally center anything vertically center both horizontally & Vertically How

(7 min) How you can design an inclusive and accessible org chart experience and solutions to common development challenges you will face.

(7 min) Knowing how to ask effective technical questions is an essential skill every software engineer should have. You may be stuck with a bug, unable to figure out why your program isn't working correctly, or you might be having trouble learning how to implement a certain algorithm. In all of these

(4 min) Do you write conditionals correctly within your React applications? Good conditionals are an essential part of any React application. We use conditionals to show or hide elements or components in our applications. In short – to be an effective React developer, you must know how to write good conditionals. Let's go

(5 min) Design often revolves around visuals, but the other senses deserve love too. In this article, we tune in to audio features that are making sites sing.

(14 min) As awesome as flexbox is, what it’s doing under the hood is actually a little strange because, by default, it is doing two things at once. It first looks at the content size which is what we would get if by declaring width: max-content on an element. But on top of that, flex-shrink is also doing some work allowing the items to be smaller, but only if needed. Let’s break those two down and see how they work together. The post Equal Columns With Flexbox: It’s More Complicated Than You Might Think appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(10 min) In this tutorial, we will learn and use headless CMS, Fauna, and Vercel functions to build a blogging platform, Blogify After that, you can easily build any web application using a headless CMS, Fauna and Vercel functions. The post Building a Headless CMS with Fauna and Vercel Functions appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) You can learn everything you need to know to earn the Azure Data Fundamentals certification by completing this free 4.5 hour course. What is the Azure Data Fundamentals Certification?The Azure Data Fundamentals Certification is for those seeking a data-related role such as Data Analyst, Data Engineer, or Data

(16 min) We don’t need to write everything from scratch every single time. With boilerplates and starter kits, we can set up our projects faster, and get to work immediately.

(2 min) Building a faster website can be a rocket task these days. There are so many things to consider, so it’s challenging to get everything right. Here are some less-known tools that might help you get there.

(5 min) I don’t know about y’all, but my feeds have been flooded with articles about CSS Container Queries these past few weeks. The buzz about container queries actually started back in December after Miriam Suzanne posted a proposal (picking up on … The post A Cornucopia of Container Queries appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) Does that make your eye twitch a little bit? Like… it’s a typo. It should be target="_blank" with an underscore to start the value. As in… <a target="_blank" href="https://codepen.io"Open CodePen in a New Tab </a Welp, that’s correct syntax!… The post target=blank appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(12 min) Last year I tweeted about how I was moving from a Slum where I lived for 29 years to a multi-story rented apartment. The tech community on Twitter responded with nothing but love. Dan Wahlin posted that he would love to hear more about my story. It's not going to

(6 min) Here's the bottom line: you don't need much to get started as a freelance developer. The biggest obstacle developers face when they're thinking about getting started is that they tend to overcomplicate things. Most are intimidated by the sheer number of different paths or skills deemed necessary by various blog

(1 min) Bootstrap is one of the most popular CSS frameworks and Sass is one of the most popular preprocessors for CSS. We just released a course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel that will teach you about Bootstrap 5 and Sass by building a portfolio website. Patrick Muriungi developed this course.

(9 min) What makes relational selector one of the most requested features and how are we, as developers, working around not having it? In this article, we’re going to check the early spec of the :has selector, and see how it should improve the CSS workflow once it’s released.

(10 min) Have you ever experienced the frustration of trying to tap a button on a mobile device only to have it do nothing because the target size is just not large enough **and it’s not picking up on your press? Maybe … The post Looking at WCAG 2.5.5 for Better Target Sizes appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(2 min) WordPress sites have an API by default. Wanna see this site’s most recent posts, with just a specific set of data… in JSON format? Here ya go. Alex Riviere made a joke site using that. At first, the site … The post CSS-Trickz: An Experiment with Netlify’s On-Demand Builders appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(32 min) Throughout this post we’ll deploy your freeCodeCamp front end project using various services on AWS like S3, ElasticBeanstalk, and Lambda.

(2 min) Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something

(4 min) If you're trying to implement CRUD operations using API endpoints, you might find that it's hard to manage data across multiple components. Or maybe you have a modal, but you want to trigger it from a different component. Wrapping your head around how to tackle these scenarios can be difficult.

(8 min) Today we're going to learn CSS Grid properties so that you can make your own responsive websites. I'll explain how each of Grid's properties work along with a CheatSheet that covers everything you can do with Grid. Let's go. 🎖️ Table of Contents: CSS Grid Architecture CSS Grid Chart Grid Parent

(7 min) It’s here! For the last year, we’ve been working with Addy Osmani on a new Smashing Book all around image optimization. And now it’s here. Meet “Image Optimization”, our deep-dive guide to understand how to deliver high-quality images on the web fast.

(2 min) Show/Hide password accessibility and password hints tutorial — Nicolas Steenhout goes deep on accessibility. For one thing, being able to toggle it to type="text" should be possible, while announcing, politely, the change. But also, put the password hints … The post Links on Accessibility appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(5 min) Let’s look at some extensions for VS Code that make writing and editing HTML (and languages that are basically HTML with extra powers) better. You may not like all of them. Maybe some of them don’t appeal to you, solve … The post VS Code Extensions for HTML appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(12 min) Learn how to build full stack serverless apps with Supabase and Next.js.

(1 min) OpenCV is a popular Python library for real-time computer vision. We just released a new OpenCV course on the freeCodeCamp.org YouTube channel. This course comes directly from the creators of OpenCV and is the perfect course for beginners. You will learn how to use OpenCV for Computer Vision and

(5 min) Closures are a confusing JavaScript concept to learn, because it's hard to see how they're actually used. Unlike other concepts such as functions, variables, and objects, you don't always use closures conscientiously and directly. You don't say: Oh! Here I will use a closure as a solution. But at the

(5 min) ngClass is a directive in Angular that adds and removes CSS classes on an HTML element. In this article, we are talking about ngClass in Angular only, not ng-class in angular.js. Prerequisites – What is Property Binding?Two things we have to understand first are property binding and interpolation in

(7 min) In this guide, we’ll be taking a general look at the concepts of forward geocoding and reverse geocoding, and will build a mini-app that applies these concepts to display specific locations, using Mapbox and Vue.js 2.6.11 to achieve this.

(3 min) Colin Oakley: • Accessible — Use semantic HTML, and make sure we meet the WCAG 2.1 AA standard as a minimum and it works with assisted technologies (this sits alongside the DWP Accessibility Manual) • Agnostic — Build … The post Principles for user-centered front-end development appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(4 min) I just joked that we’re basically getting everything we want in CSS super fast (mostly referring to container queries, my gosh, can you imagine they are actually coming?). Now we might actually get parent selectors?! As in .parent:has(.child) { … The post Can I :has() appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(7 min) If you're building a React app, you want your users to be able to search and get exact results. And if you are getting tons of items from an API, then you need to create a way for users to be able to find various items easily.

(5 min) Scikit-learn is one of the most popular open-source and free machine learning libraries for Python. The scikit-learn library contains a lot of efficient tools for machine learning and statistical modeling including classification, regression, clustering, and dimensionality reduction. Many data scientists, machine learning engineers, and researchers rely on this library for

(7 min) I deployed a Discord bot to a 1000+ user server. In the first hour, Deployment Hell struck and my bot crashed. In the next hour, I brought it back, surviving and even thriving in Deployment Hell. In this post, I'll show you how.

(7 min) TypeScript has taken the development world by storm. No wonder it has over 15 million weekly downloads on npm. But what is TypeScript, and what do you need to know about it? In this article, I am going answer those questions. By the end you'll have a grasp of the

(1 min) Are you looking for a way to apply Python and machine learning to a real-world application? You should consider Bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. We just released a course

(14 min) Modern browsers provide good support for JavaScript modules, but module bundlers such as webpack stay a critical part of the JavaScript toolchain. Let’s take a deep dive into what webpack is and how to use it in your development workflow.

(17 min) A little while back, Chris shared this nice hexagonal grid. And true to its name, it’s using —wait for it — CSS Grid to form that layout. It’s a neat trick! Combining grid columns, grid gaps, and creative clipping … The post Hexagons and Beyond: Flexible, Responsive Grid Patterns, Sans Media Queries appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(3 min) DebugBear takes just a few seconds to start using. You literally point it at a URL you want to watch, and it’ll start watching it. You install nothing. It’ll start running tests, and you’ve immediately got performance charts you can … The post Monitoring Lighthouse Scores and Core Web Vitals with DebugBear appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(13 min) Let’s say you plan to build a website. Before you start, you want to set up a few tools to make your life easier. But which tools should you have? The JavaScript ecosystem is changing so fast that it can be overwhelming to pick the best tools to use.

(5 min) Schofield's Laws of Computing are principles that anyone who works with computers should know. They're focused on data portability, integrity, and security. Jack Schofield was a British journalist who wrote for The Guardian. During that time, he wrote three particular articles called "Schofield's Laws of Computing". Jack didn't create these

(6 min) Let’s suppose you’re planning to visit your neighborhood store to stock up on essentials. What is the first thing you’d do? Have the answer already? Yes, you'd probably write down a shopping list! Python also has a built-in data structure called List that’s very similar to

(9 min) A Hackintosh is a non-Mac computer system, made with PC parts, that runs the macOS operating system. In this tutorial, you will learn how to create a Hackintosh. You will learn how to install macOS Big Sur (or any other version of macOS) using OpenCore. The main benefit of a

(5 min) If you're new to cloud technologies, you might be confused about the difference between serverless technologies and managed services. So in this article you'll learn what these terms mean and what the main differences are. What Are Managed Services? A managed service let the end-user focus on using a service

(9 min) Cryptography is the science of using codes and ciphers to protect messages. And encryption involves encoding messages so that only the intended recipient can understand the meaning of the message. It's often used to protect data in transit. Encryption is a two way function – that is, you need to be

(12 min) Writing large-scale Vue applications can be a challenge. In this article, Shawn Wildermuth dives into the pros and cons of approaches like factories, shared objects, and using Vuex. He also explains what is coming in Vuex 5.0 that might change how we all use shared state in Vue 3.

(3 min) How do I debug Safari on iOS? These are my general steps, starting with not even using iOS Safari. 1. Is this just a small-screen problem? Lemme just use the device mode in Chrome quick. Note that this does a … The post Debugging iOS Safari appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(14 min) Blocks in WordPress are great. Drop some into the page, arrange them how you like, and you’ve got a pretty sweet landing page with little effort. But what if the default blocks in WordPress need a little tweaking? Like, what … The post A Crash Course in WordPress Block Filters appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(4 min) PPK laid out an interesting situation in “Two options for using custom properties” where he and Stefan Judis had two different approaches for doing the same thing with custom properties. In one approach, hover and focus styles for a … The post Are Custom Properties a “Menu of What Will Change”? appeared first on CSS-Tricks. You can support CSS-Tricks by being an MVP Supporter.

(8 min) Git has a feature to "sign" commits, but what is signing, and what are the benefits? TL;DR: If you don't care for the details, and just need to get commit signing setup quickly, skip to How to Sign Commits. Signing, or code signing specifically, is the process of using

(5 min) In this article, you will learn about environment variables in Vanilla JavaScript. You'll also learn how to serve API keys to your application through the Netlify build command. What are JavaScript environment variables?Environment variables are very common when you're using JavaScript frameworks like React or Vue for creating frontend

(8 min) One of the most difficult things about getting started in a new career as a developer is figuring out exactly what you should be learning – and then translating that into an effective plan. There are so many resources out there for learning, so lack of information is not the problem.

(11 min) Configuring your .vimrc file lets you use the full power of Vim. With a customized .vimrc file you can increase your Vim powers tenfold. In this article I will show you a few ways you can customize your .vimrc file. I will go over: Basic SettingsPluginsFoldingVimscriptStatus lineFirst create the following

(4 min) Often times you might want your system to communicate with other web servers to get information. For example, let's say a new user wants to sign up for an account on your website. And instead of having to manually fill out a form to send their information to your system,

(9 min) What is Vue.js? Vue.js is a progressive JavaScript frontend framework written by Evan You. It's one of the most powerful and easy to learn frameworks, and it has over 9.5 million downloads per month. In September 2020, Vue 3 core was released. The new Vue.js release

(11 min) Today we're going to build and run an ice cream shop and learn asynchronous JavaScript at the same time. Along the way, you'll learn how to use: CallbacksPromisesAsync / AwaitHere's what we'll cover in this article:What is Asynchronous JavaScript?Synchronous vs Asynchronous JavaScriptHow Callbacks Work in JavaScriptHow Promises Work in

(14 min) Google’s Core Web Vitals initiative has taken the SEO and Web Performance worlds by storm and many sites are busy optimizing their Page Experience to maximize the ranking factor. The Cumulative Layout Shift metric is causing trouble to a lot of sites, so let’s have a look at ways of addressing any issues for that metric.